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    Monday 9 January 2012

    Most Infamous People Throughout History



    Throughout the history of this world, their has been many a man who has earned fame and recognition for their valor and virtue. However their have also been those who have earned notoriety for their wickedness and malevolence. Some of the deeds of these ‘monsters’ have been however, somewhat exaggerated by the fable that we call history.  Nevertheless these men have committed some great atrocities in their time, which cannot be overlooked.
    Adolf Hitler
    Adolf Hitler
    History recalls Hitler as the most evil and notorious man to have ever set foot on Earth. His extremely intense persecution of the Jewish community and his childish obsession of world domination have earned him immeasurable recognition. His name has turned into a metaphor for severeness and extreme harshness.
    Genghis Khan
    Genghis-Khan
    Genghis Khan was the founder and ruler of the Mongol Empire. He and his vast army thundered through Eurasia ravaging all that came in their path. History remembers him as psychotic killer, obsessed with power. The atrocities he committed were plainly inhuman. The history of his conquests is filled with tales of massacre, plunder and rapine.
    Brutus
    brutus
    Marcus Brutus Junius The Younger was a senator for the Roman Republic. He his famous for betraying and killing his best friend Julius Caesar. Hence, his name has become a metaphor for treachery and betrayal. Some believe the the word ‘brutal’ has been derived from his name because of the way he killed his best friend.
    Judas Iscariot
    The-Last-Supper-large
    Judas also has a story similar to that of Brutus. He was a disciple of Jesus Christ who betrayed him to the hands of the conspirators for 30 pieces of silver.
    Cain
    cain-abel
    Cain was the one of the two sons of Adam and Eve. He is famous for having committed the very first murder by killing his brother Abel out of jealousy. The story of his malevolence and wickedness has been narrated in the Koran, the Bible and the Torah.
    Osama Bin Laden
    Osama bin Laden
    This name is also quite recognizable in the world of villains. Osama was the leader of the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda which was behind many inhuman crimes of which the most memorable were the September 11 attacks and the July 7th bombings in London. This man is responsible for the killing of about 36000 innocent people.
    Saddam Hussein
    saddam-hussein
    Saddam Hussein was the President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. He committed many atrocities in his reign of terror, including the persecution of his Kurd subjects as well as the invasion and plundering of Kuwait. Hence, he has widely been condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship.
    Jack the Ripper
    Jack the ripper
    Jack the Ripper is the most famous serial killer in history. It was the way that he mutilated his victims’ corpses that earned him his name. However this man was never identified although many suspects were named including the famous barrister Montague John Druitt.
    Vlad the Impaler
    vlad_the_impaler
    Vlad Tepes was the three-time Prince of Wallachia. He is famous for the inhuman cruelties he imposed during his reign. Hence he earned the title of ‘Vlad the Impaler’. His cruel actions made him the main inspiration for Bran Stroker’s fictional character Dracula.
    Lee Harvey Oswald
    Lee Harvey Oswald
    The most recognizable face amongst those of assassins is this man’s. This is because this man was responsible for carrying out the most famous assassination in history, that of 35th US President John .F .Kennedy. However he was himself gunned down two days after the assassination proving that it wasn’t a one-man job.

    Places Where Romance is Always in the Air


    Believe it or not but Paris, Rome, Prague or Venice are out of this list. There are heaps of other love-is-in-the-air places around the globe, where dramatic landscapes, romantic architecture and tender atmosphere create perfect scenery for passionate affection.
    It is true that with whom you share life is a lot more important than where you do but pleasure and joy of moments spend with your loved one gets doubled if spent at places like these. So spend your romantic time in one of these super romantic places where love is always in the air and live the time of your life.
    Santorini, Greece
    Everything is romantic on Santorini. The white walls of the archipelago’s houses, charming little streets, beautiful gardens, excellent cuisine, domestic wine, dazzling sea, golden cliffs, spectacular sunsets and fantastically relaxed Mediterranean atmosphere. Santorini is our planet’s most beautiful jewel and truly a paradise for lovers.
    The Canadian Rockies, Canada
    If restaurant candle light dinner with champagne cracking and smart clothes on is not really your definition of being romantic then the majestic landscape of the remote Canadian Rockies, far from crowds and tawdry tourist attractions, might be your perfect location for an adventurous romance getaway.
    The Seychelles
    If dramatic landscapes of wild mountains are not convincing then you should try something more exotic. The Seychelles, 115 stunning islands, located in the middle of the Indian Ocean, are an excellent spot for couples looking for relaxing and calm surroundings.
    Tokyo Bay, Japan
    How to find a romantic getaway in overpopulated, vibrant and busy Tokyo? Try a cruise around Tokyo Bay. Magnificent views of city night lights, dazzling Rainbow Bridge, and Odaiba’s modern architecture set quite splendid scenery for lovers.
    Meersburg, Germany
    If you and your loved one need kind of a time-stopped-here place then Meersburg, with its unique, colorful architecture, filled with cafes, bars and restaurants and apple groves, is definitely a place you are looking for.
    Big Sur, California
    A 90 mile long drive along Big Sur coastline may seem not to be very long but if you stop a few times for a kiss, then a few times for hugs, and then several more times to admire the gorgeous views, you can significantly stretch your time together. The beauty of this place is breathtaking.
    Saint Paul de Vence, France
    Provence, the land of colors and fragrances, has always been a heaven for artists, and ofcourse, lovers looking for inspiration and passion. Among the most beautiful spots of the region is St Paul de Vence, an old town filled with great restaurants, charming cafes, romantic cobblestoned streets, and beautiful architecture.

    San Francisco, The USA

    San Francisco, a liberal city of love, birthplace of hippies and gay communities, revolutionizes the definition of love. Today the town is recognized for its laid back atmosphere, tolerance, and acceptance. Be it for romantic sunset over Golden Gate Bridge, smart cafes and restaurants, or simply a stroll along its streets, this place is filled with romantic and positive vibrations.

    Lisbon, Portugal
    No capital is more romantic than Lisbon. The warm atmosphere of the town, bathed in golden sunlight during the day and filled with dramatic sounds of jazz and fado at night, make the place an ideal spot to spend passionate time with the loved one.
    Faroe Islands, Denmark
    Imagine wide open spaces, dramatic cliffs, splendid sea, infinite fields of grass and moorlands. If this sounds like a perfect setting for a next romantic trip for you then you should head to Faroe Islands.

    Most Active Intelligence Agencies in the World


    Intelligence has never played a more prominent role in international politics than it does now at the opening of the twenty-first century. National intelligence services are larger than ever and play a more public role than ever before in the policy making process of important states and their role evolves constantly along with the character of international relations.
    Access to information on the intelligence services has become more open since the early 1990′s. In the last decade, terrorist attacks and wars have placed intelligence in the spotlight. So here I have compiled a list of some of the most famous and active intelligence agencies in the world.
    CIA (America)
    On 50th anniversary of CIA, President Clinton said ”By necessity, the American people will never know the full story of your courage. Indeed, no one knows that what CIA really does”.
    RAW (India)
    An effective instrument of India’s national power, Research and Analysis Wing has been always in limelight due to its relation with KGB and MOSSAD. Aggressive intelligence is its primary weapon to destabilize the target country.
    ASIS (Australia)
    Mission is, to obtain and report information on the Southwest Pacific area. They have taken the enemy by sabotage and destruction of morale. Render aid and assistance to locale efforts in enemy occupied territories. Step ahead for the war against terror.
    ISI (Pakistan)
    Established in 1950 for safeguarding Pakistan’s interest, monitoring opposition politician and sustaining military rule in Pakistan, ISI is one of the very well organized intelligence agencies in world. Apart from its outstanding structure it is controversial too and once it was termed as state within a state due to its cross-purpose policies.
    BND (Germany)
    A lengthy track record of success by crafts of intelligence played in national and international politics. With specific means available solely to it, the BND collects secret information which can’t be obtained otherwise.
    DGSE (France)
    One of the most extensive technological spy network ever uncovered in Europe and the United States. It is said that the agents of DGSE are not only resourceful but also the coolest cats around.
    MSS (China)
    It is a foreign as well as domestic intelligence agency of China. Its mission is to ensure the security of the state through effective measures against enemy agents, spies and counter-revolutionary activities.
    MI6 (United Kingdom)
    If you like watching Hollywood movies then you must know James Bond and his fondness of sophisticated guns, beautiful babes and Smirnoff. This British spy agency is popular for its notorious and daredevil agents with a clear understanding of what they are expected to achieve.
    KGB (Russia)
    One of the most dreaded player in the game of spying. It lives on the principle of “It is not sufficient to know, it is necessary to react”. Their operations are preserved in number of novels, especially their game of cat and mouse with western spies.
    Mossad (Israel)
    Mossad is famous for their secret action and acute aim. It is also famous for its revengeful nature

    Top 10 largest economies in 2020


    By 2020 there will be a major shift in the global balance of economic power compared to 2010. Euromonitor International assesses the shift and its implications.
    Emerging economies will rise in importance and China will have overtaken the USA to lead the list of the world's top ten largest economies by GDP measured in PPP terms. Although in terms of major appliances the average unit price in China is forecast to grow to US$250, however this is still 250% less than the forecast for the USA. Volume and value gains will be sought through both emerging markets and developed markets over the long term, although it is clear over the medium term value is still going to be driven in developed North American and Western European markets.
    Consumer markets, including appliances and electronics, in emerging economies will present enormous opportunities but their rapid growth also poses a challenge to the global environment.
    World GDP in PPP terms: 2020

    Source: Euromonitor International from IMF, International Financial Statistics and World Economic Outlook/UN/national statisticsPPP is a method of measuring the relative purchasing power of different countries' currencies over the same types of goods and services, thus allowing a more accurate comparison of living standards.

    Key points

    • The top ten largest economies in 2010 in terms of total GDP measured at purchasing power parity (PPP) are the USA, China, Japan, India, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom (UK), France, Brazil and Italy. PPP is a method of measuring the relative purchasing power of different countries' currencies over the same types of goods and services, thus allowing a more accurate comparison of living standards;
    • Six out of the ten biggest economies in 2010 are advanced countries. With GDP measured at PPP terms accounting for 20.2% of the world total, the USA is the world's largest economy in 2010;
    • In 2010, China ranks as the second largest economy in the world, with GDP making up 13.3% of the world total in PPP terms. Other emerging economies in the top ten biggest economies in 2010 are India, Russia and Brazil. Emerging countries have fared better than advanced economies overall during the global economic recession;
    • By 2020, there will be major shifts in the world economic order in which emerging economies will become more important. China will overtake the USA to become the largest world economy in 2017 and there will be more emerging economies in the top ten economies by 2020 and beyond;
    • The rise in importance of emerging economies will have implications for global consumption, investment and the environment. Large consumer markets in emerging economies will present enormous opportunities for businesses. However, income per capita will remain higher in the advanced world.

    Top 10 largest economies by GDP in PPP terms: 2010 and 2020

    Top-10-largest-economies-global-world-gdp-ppp-2010-2020

    Advanced economies are slowing down

    Since the 1990s, advanced economies have experienced much slower growth compared to the developing world due to the rapid rise of emerging economies including China and India. The declining trend of advanced economies has been accelerated by the global financial crisis in 2008-2009:
    • The USA is the world's largest economy. However, its share in world GDP in PPP terms has declined from 23.7% in 2000 to 20.2% in 2010 due to faster growth of emerging economies as well as the severe impact of the financial crisis in 2008-2009. Real GDP contracted by 2.4% in the USA in 2009. The economy has recovered since early 2010 owing to stimulus measures;
    • Japan's economy recovered slightly in the mid-2000s after a prolonged period of stagnation due to inefficient investments and the burst of asset price bubbles. The country has been hit hard by the global economic downturn since 2008 as a result of its over dependence on trade and prolonged deflation. Population ageing has also accelerated Japan's economic slowdown. In 2009, annual real GDP shrank by 5.2%;
    • In 2010, the European Union (EU) economies account for 20.6% of world GDP measured at PPP terms, down from 25.1% in 2000. Population ageing and rising unemployment have contributed to their slowdown;
    • The IMF forecasts that annual real GDP growth of advanced economies will reach 2.3% in 2010 and 2.4% in 2011 after a contraction of 3.2% in 2009. This is much slower than the 8.7% expected in emerging Asian economies for both 2010 and 2011, which are driving the global economic recovery. Many advanced economies will also face the challenge of reducing public debts and government budget deficits, which will weigh on economic growth potential into the medium term.

    Emerging countries are catching up and will overtake

    Emerging economies are catching up with the advanced world. By 2020, there will be changes in the global balance of economic power:
    • China's share in world total GDP in PPP terms has increased from 7.1% in 2000 to 13.3% in 2010. By 2020, it will reach 20.7%. China will overtake the USA to become the world's largest economy as early as 2017;
    • India is the fourth largest economy in 2010. By 2012, it will have overtaken Japan to become the world's third largest economy, with GDP accounting for 5.8% of the world total in PPP terms. In the long term, India could grow even faster than China due to its younger and faster growing population;
    • By 2020, Russia will rank higher than Germany in the top ten economies in terms of GDP measured at PPP terms and become the fifth largest economy. Brazil, on the other hand, will have overtaken both the UK and France to become the seventh largest economy in 2020. Being amongst the world's major exporters of energy and natural resources, Russian and Brazilian growth potential is promising although Russia's lack of economic diversification may cause problems in the longer term;
    • By 2020, Mexico will have overtaken Italy to be the world's 10th largest economy by GDP measured at PPP terms. A growing population and proximity to the USA aid the country's economic development;
    • With five emerging countries in the list of top ten largest economies, global power will become more balanced by 2020.

    Top 10 largest economies as a percentage of the world total GDP in PPP terms: 2020


     Source: Euromonitor International from IMF, International Financial Statistics and World Economic Outlook/UN/national statistics.

    Implications of economic shift towards emerging economies

    • With a huge population and rising household incomes, the consumer goods and service markets in emerging economies will provide enormous opportunities for businesses. In 2010, the total population of BRIC countries stood at 2,856 million people, compared to 737 million people in the G7;
    • Opportunities in emerging consumer markets will include luxury goods as more people will be able afford them and the middle class continue to expand. In China, the number of households with an annual disposable income above US$10,000 (in nominal terms) will almost quadruple from 57.1 million in 2010 to 222 million households by 2020;
    • Younger consumers will become more important. Despite population ageing in several emerging countries including China, the population in emerging markets is generally younger than in advanced economies. In 2010, the share of population aged less than 25 years old to total population is 39.9% in BRIC countries, compared to 27.6% in the EU. Young consumers represent potential in making large purchases such as cars, houses and household appliances. However, in absolute terms, China and India will continue to have the largest populations aged 65+ in the world in 2020;
    • Foreign investment will continue flowing into emerging countries. Yet foreign investors will still face heavy regulations and corruption. Brazil, for example, ranked 129th out of 183 countries in the World Bank's 2010 Ease of Doing Business report due to cumbersome business procedures;
    • Emerging countries will also become more important foreign investors, thus enhancing their influence in the global economy. Since the early 2000s, China and India have become major foreign investors in Africa. By accelerating “south-south” investments (investments to other emerging markets), emerging markets are also raising their stakes in terms of Research and Development (R&D);
    • The rise in economic importance of emerging countries will lead to a rise in their global political influence. China, for example, has since 2010 become the third largest shareholder in the World Bank;
    • The rapid growth of emerging countries, however, may accelerate global warming. China, India and Russia are among the world's biggest polluters. In 2009, Russia's carbon emissions per US$1.0 of output stood at 1,383 grams, compared to 151 grams in France;
    • Since early 2010, the risk of overheating economies has been rising in emerging economies as a result of strong capital inflows and rising property prices. This may lead to inflationary pressures and raise the risk of the formation of asset price bubbles;
    • The rapid growth of emerging economies may also lead to rising social unrest due to the unequal distribution of wealth.

    Prospects

    • Many emerging economies will resume a high rate of growth from 2010 as the world recovers from the global recession. China, for example, will experience an average annual real GDP growth rate of 9.5% during 2010-2020;
    • Compared to 2010, global economic power will be more balanced between developed and developing economies by 2020 with China, USA and India the three largest economies in the world in PPP terms. Euromonitor International forecasts China's GDP to be I$28,125 billion in PPP terms in 2020, accounting for 20.7% of the global total;
    • On a per capita basis, however, advanced economies' GDP and spending power will continue to rank above emerging economies. In 2020, annual disposable income per capita is forecast at US$5,807 in BRIC countries, well below US$31,050 in the eurozone in US$ terms;
    • Apart from boosting per capita income, the challenge for emerging countries is to improve social security and environmental protection in order to achieve a living standard comparable to that in advanced countries, as well as increasing consumer demand and spending in order to balance global consumption.